9 Sexual abuse Including rape, indecent exposure, sexual harassment, inappropriate looking or touching, sexual teasing or innuendo, sexual photography, subjection to pornography or witnessing sexual acts, indecent exposure and sexual assault or sexual acts to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting or does not have the mental capacity to consent. Sexual exploitation The term “sexual exploitation” means any actual or attempted abuse of a position of vulnerability, differential power, or trust, for sexual purposes, including, but not limited to, profiting monetarily, socially or politically from the sexual exploitation of another. It may be very important in specific cases to be clear about the context in which concerns about sexual exploitation arise. Some adults may have been groomed as children or young people. Others may be engaged as sex workers so are at risk because they are threatened or coerced, have drug dependencies and/or mental health needs. Adults with learning disabilities may be vulnerable/ susceptible to sexual exploitation, which may masquerade as an offer of friendship. (See BCP Safeguarding Adults Board website for detailed report from September 2016). See also Appendix 1 Glossary on Mate Crime Psychological abuse Including emotional abuse, threats of harm or abandonment, deprivation of contact, humiliation, blaming, controlling, intimidation, coercion, harassment, verbal abuse, cyber bullying, isolation or unreasonable and unjustified withdrawal of services or supportive networks. Financial or material abuse including theft, fraud, internet scamming, coercion in relation to an adult’s financial affairs or arrangements, including in connection with Wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions, or the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions or benefits and deprivation of assets. Modern Slavery Includes human trafficking, forced labour and debt bondage, sexual exploitation, criminal exploitation, domestic servitude, descent-based slavery, child labour and slavery in supply chains. The impact on the adult needs to be considered when determining whether the Section 42(1) criteria are met, e.g. impact on their mental health. Human Trafficking The definition of human trafficking is the illegal movement of people through force, fraud or deception with the intention of exploiting them, typically for the purposes of forced labour or sexual exploitation. Men, women, and children are forced into a situation through the use (or threat) of violence, deception or coercion. Victims may enter the UK legally, on forged documentation or secretly under forced hiding, or they may even be a UK citizen living in the UK who is then trafficked within the country. It should not be confused with people smuggling, where the person has the freedom of movement upon arrival in the UK. There is no ‘typical’ victim of human trafficking and modern slavery. Victims can be men, women and children of all ages, ethnicities, nationalities, and backgrounds. It can however be more prevalent amongst the most vulnerable members of society, and within minority or socially excluded groups. Discriminatory abuse including forms of harassment, slurs or similar treatment because of race, gender and gender identity, age, disability, sexual orientation, or religion. (See Equality Act under Appendix 1). Organisational abuse Including neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting such as a hospital or care home, for example, or in relation to care provided in an adult’s own home. This may be a one-off incident or ongoing ill-treatment. It can refer to neglect or poor professional
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